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1.
Psiquiatr. biol. (Internet) ; 30(1): [100395], Ene-Abri, 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-224065

RESUMO

Introducción: el alcohol es la sustancia más consumida en la cultura occidental y su consumo es un factor causal en más de 200 enfermedades y trastornos. El objetivo fue conocer la relación entre la cantidad y el tipo de alcohol (destilado o fermentado) consumido en individuos mayores de 60 años y la aparición del deterioro cognitivo compatible con un síndrome demencial como consecuencia de un consumo excesivo y prolongado.Desarrollo: búsqueda en las bases de datos Medline, PsycInfo y Web of Science. Se acotó la búsqueda a artículos publicados entre los años 2010 y 2021, a partir de la combinación de diversos términos relacionados con la demencia, el consumo y tipo de alcohol y la vejez. Se obtuvieron 157 artículos, se eliminaron aquellos repetidos y los no relacionados con el tema, quedando un total de 9 artículos. Esta revisión sistemática se ha llevado a cabo de acuerdo con los criterios de la declaración PRISMA.Conclusiones: la mayoría de los estudios encontrados (7 de 9) sugirieron una asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y la aparición de la demencia. Respecto al tipo de bebidas, todo y la objetivación de algunos resultados poco concluyentes, en general se sugiere que el consumo de vino (bebida fermentada) se asocia a una disminución del deterioro cognitivo y el consumo de licor (bebida destilada) a un aumento del deterioro cognitivo; no queda claro el papel de la cerveza. Por ello se puede concluir que la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol, y el mayor o menor deterioro cognitivo depende tanto del consumo excesivo y prolongado, como también del tipo de bebidas consumidas (destiladas o fermentadas).(AU)


Introduction: Alcohol is the most consumed substance in Western culture and its consumption is a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and disorders. The objective was to determine the relationship between the amount and type of alcohol (distilled or fermented) consumed, in individuals over 60 years of age, and the appearance of cognitive deterioration compatible with a dementia syndrome as a consequence of excessive and prolonged consumption.Development: Search in Medline, PsycInfo and Web of Science databases. The search was limited to articles published between 2010 and 2021, based on the combination of various terms related to dementia, alcohol consumption and type, and old age. 157 articles were obtained, those repeated and those not related to the topic were eliminated, leaving a total of 9 articles. This systematic review has been carried out in accordance with the criteria of the PRISMA statement.Conclusions: Most of the studies found (7 out of 9) suggested an association between alcohol consumption and the onset of dementia. Regarding the type of beverages, everything and the objectification of some inconclusive results, in general it is suggested that the consumption of wine (fermented beverage) is associated with a decrease of cognitive deterioration and the consumption of liquor (distilled beverage) to a increased cognitive decline; the role of beer is not clear. Therefore, it can be concluded that the association between alcohol consumption and greater or lesser cognitive impairment depends both on excessive and prolonged consumption, as well as on the type of beverages consumed (distilled or fermented).(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/tendências , Demência , Disfunção Cognitiva , Alcoolismo/complicações , Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Bebidas Alcoólicas/classificação , Bebidas Alcoólicas/toxicidade , Envelhecimento , Psiquiatria , Saúde Mental
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 71(10): 353-364, 16 nov., 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-198070

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es el tipo de demencia más prevalente en la actualidad, con una incidencia estimada del 30% de la población mayor de 85 años, lo que representa un problema de salud en la sociedad actual. OBJETIVO: Conocer si el bilingüismo puede actuar como factor de protección de la EA, incrementando así la reserva cognitiva. Sujetos y métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda de estudios en las bases de datos PsychInfo, Pubmed, Psicodoc, Medline y PubPsych, a partir de la combinación de diversos términos relacionados con las palabras clave. Finalmente se incluyeron 10 estudios. RESULTADOS: Siete de los 10 estudios seleccionados sugieren una relación significativamente positiva entre bilingüismo y EA, aunque dos de los estudios restantes encuentran una relación parcial, sólo en unas circunstancias muy concretas (en uno se da una relación positiva cuando hay un nivel bajo de educación, mientras que en el otro sólo se encuentra relación cuando se hablan más de dos lenguas). Únicamente un estudio no halla una relación significativa entre bilingüismo y EA. CONCLUSIONES: Los citados estudios encontraron un retraso en el momento del diagnóstico o en el inicio de la sintomatología clínicamente significativa de entre 4,5 y 7 años; así pues, el bilingüismo se podría considerar un factor contribuidor de la reserva cognitiva y, en consecuencia, un probable factor de protección para prevenir o retrasar la aparición de la EA y su posterior progresión


INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia today, with an incidence estimated at 30% of the population over 85 years of age, which is why it represents a health problem in today's society. AIM: To know if bilingualism can act as a protection factor for AD, thus increasing cognitive reserve. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We searched for studies in the PsychInfo, Pubmed, Psicodoc, Medline and PubPych databases, based on the combination of various terms related to the keywords. Finally, ten studies were included. RESULTS: Seven of the ten selected studies suggest a significantly positive relationship between bilingualism and AD, although on the contrary two of the remaining studies find a partial relationship, where there is only a relationship in very specific circumstances (in the first one there is only one positive relationship when there is a low level of education, while in the second one there is only a relationship when more than two languages are spoken); only one of the studies found no significant relationship between bilingualism and AD. CONCLUSIONS: The aforementioned studies have found a delay at the time of diagnosis or at the onset of clinically significant symptoms, between 4.5 years and 7 years; thus, bilingualism could be considered a contributing factor of the cognitive reserve and as a consequence a probable protection factor to prevent or slow the onset of AD and its subsequent progression


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Multilinguismo , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicometria , Fatores de Proteção , Reserva Cognitiva
3.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 54(3): 168-180, mayo-jun. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-188965

RESUMO

La etiología de los síntomas psicológicos y conductuales de la demencia (SPCD) es multifactorial y existe una línea creciente de investigación de la personalidad premórbida como factor de riesgo para estos síntomas. El objetivo de la revisión es conocer la relación entre los SPCD y la personalidad premórbida. Los estudios se buscaron en PsycInfo, MedLine y PubMed a partir de la combinación de diversos términos relacionados con demencia, personalidad premórbida y SPCD. Diez estudios fueron incluidos en la revisión. Ocho de los diez estudios sugieren asociaciones entre la personalidad premórbida y los SPCD. Neuroticismo se relaciona positivamente con alteración de la conducta y ansiedad. Extraversión se relaciona positivamente con deambulación. Amabilidad se relaciona negativamente con alteraciones afectivas y síntomas de comportamiento agresivo y, positivamente con deambulación. Para apertura a la experiencia y responsabilidad no se muestran resultados congruentes. La personalidad premórbida puede incrementar el riesgo de manifestar SPCD durante el curso de la enfermedad. Aun así, la relación entre personalidad y SPCD es compleja debido a la etiología multifactorial de los síntomas


The aetiology of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is defined by a diversity of factors, and recent studies suggest that premorbid personality could be a risk factor for BPSD. This study aimed to review studies on the relationship between premorbid personality and BPSD. Studies were identified using PsycInfo, MedLine, and PubMed. The searches combined terms for premorbid personality, dementia and BPSD. Ten studies have been included in this review. Eight out of ten studies show a relationship between premorbid personality and BPSD. Neuroticism is associated with behavioural disturbances and anxiety. Extraversion is associated with wandering. Low agreeableness is associated with affective disturbance and aggression-related behaviours and high agreeableness is associated with wandering. The studies found no congruent results for openness and conscientiousness. In conclusion, premorbid personality may increase the risk of developing BPSD during the course of the disease. Even so, the relationship between personality and BPSD is complex due to multifactorial aetiology


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Demência/complicações , Demência/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Personalidade , Demência/diagnóstico , Fatores de Risco
4.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 47(2): 61-9, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31017274

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The fact that more and more people suffer from dementia makes it very important to know the different risk factors to prevent their appearance. The objective of this article is to study personality disorder as a possible risk factor for the onset of an insane process, and to relate personality disorders of Cluster B and dementia. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out with scientific literature published up to 2015. RESULTS: Twelve of the articles that we found met the specified criteria of selection and quality and study the relationship between a personality disorder and the emergence of a dementia. Although with the studies made so far it can't be concluded that the first one is a risk factor for the second one, it has been noted, thanks to neuroimaging techniques, that patients with Cluster B personality disorders develop alterations in brain structures (in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortex, as well as an alteration in the NAA levels and the grey matter levels) and which are also involved in a demented process. CONCLUSIONS: Definitely, the patients with medical record of the borderline or narcissistic personality disorder present more alterations in the brain structures mentioned, such that presenting these types of personality disorders could increase the risk of developing dementia in the future.


Assuntos
Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/fisiopatologia , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Demência/etiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/psicologia , Demência/psicologia , Humanos , Neuroimagem , Transtornos da Personalidade/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/psicologia , Fatores de Risco
5.
Actas esp. psiquiatr ; 47(2): 61-69, mar.-abr. 2019. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-181341

RESUMO

Objetivos. El hecho de que cada vez haya más personas que padezcan demencia hace que sea muy importante conocer los diferentes factores de riesgo para prevenir su aparición. El objetivo de este artículo es estudiar el trastorno de la personalidad como posible factor de riesgo para la aparición de un proceso demencial, y relacionar trastornos de la personalidad del Clúster B y demencia. Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis con literatura científica publicada hasta el año 2015. Resultados. Doce de los artículos que se encontraron cumplían con los criterios de selección y calidad especificados y estudian la relación entre un trastorno de personalidad y la aparición de una demencia. Aunque con los estudios hechos hasta el momento no se puede concluir que el primero sea un factor de riesgo para el segundo, sí que se ha podido observar, mediante técnicas de neuroimagen, que los pacientes con trastornos de personalidad del Clúster B desarrollan alteraciones en estructuras cerebrales (en la corteza prefrontal, temporal y/o parietal, además de una alteración en los niveles de N-acetil Aspartato y de sustancia gris) que también están implicadas en un proceso demencial. Conclusiones. En definitiva, los pacientes con historia clínica de trastorno límite o trastorno narcisista de la personalidad presentan más alteraciones en las estructuras cerebrales mencionadas, de tal manera que presentar este tipo de trastornos de la personalidad podría aumentar el riesgo de padecer demencia en un futuro


Objectives. The fact that more and more people suffer from dementia makes it very important to know the different risk factors to prevent their appearance. The objective of this article is to study personality disorder as a possible risk factor for the onset of an insane process, and to relate personality disorders of Cluster B and dementia. Methodology. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out with scientific literature published up to 2015. Results. Twelve of the articles that we found met the specified criteria of selection and quality and study the relationship between a personality disorder and the emergence of a dementia. Although with the studies made so far it can’t be concluded that the first one is a risk factor for the second one, it has been noted, thanks to neuroimaging techniques, that patients with Cluster B personality disorders develop alterations in brain structures (in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortex, as well as an alteration in the NAA levels and the grey matter levels) and which are also involved in a demented process. Conclusions. Definitely, the patients with medical record of the borderline or narcissistic personality disorder present more alterations in the brain structures mentioned, such that presenting these types of personality disorders could increase the risk of developing dementia in the future


Assuntos
Humanos , Demência/etiologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Borderline/diagnóstico por imagem , Narcisismo , Fatores de Risco , Cérebro/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Personalidade/complicações , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/fisiopatologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Histriônica/fisiopatologia
6.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 54(3): 168-180, 2019.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30482462

RESUMO

The aetiology of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is defined by a diversity of factors, and recent studies suggest that premorbid personality could be a risk factor for BPSD. This study aimed to review studies on the relationship between premorbid personality and BPSD. Studies were identified using PsycInfo, MedLine, and PubMed. The searches combined terms for premorbid personality, dementia and BPSD. Ten studies have been included in this review. Eight out of ten studies show a relationship between premorbid personality and BPSD. Neuroticism is associated with behavioural disturbances and anxiety. Extraversion is associated with wandering. Low agreeableness is associated with affective disturbance and aggression-related behaviours and high agreeableness is associated with wandering. The studies found no congruent results for openness and conscientiousness. In conclusion, premorbid personality may increase the risk of developing BPSD during the course of the disease. Even so, the relationship between personality and BPSD is complex due to multifactorial aetiology.


Assuntos
Demência/complicações , Demência/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/etiologia , Personalidade , Idoso , Demência/diagnóstico , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
7.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 29(4): 165-170, dic. 2018. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-182261

RESUMO

Objetivos: El aumento durante los últimos años de la población anciana y, consecuentemente, de las personas con deterioro cognitivo grave hace que sea necesario buscar soluciones, tanto preventivas como de actuación sobre la enfermedad para controlar los síntomas. El objetivo de este metaanálisis es estudiar la relación que existe entre la ocurrencia de delírium en el anciano y la aparición posterior de demencia. Metodología: Los estudios fueron identificados a través de las bases de datos de PsychInfo, PubMed y Psicodoc. La búsqueda combinó términos de deterioro cognitivo, así como delírium y demencia, con términos como factor de riesgo, entre otros. Los datos de los artículos fueron extraídos, analizados, revisados sistemáticamente y metaanalizados apropiadamente. Resultados: Se incluyeron 8 estudios, con variedad de pacientes provenientes de cirugía de cadera, de fractura del femoral, de población general, accidente vascular cerebral y pacientes de la UCI. Todos los estudios analizados concluyeron que el hecho de haber sufrido uno o varios episodios de delírium es un factor de riesgo importante a tener en cuenta en el posterior desarrollo de demencia. Conclusiones: Este hallazgo puede ser de utilidad en un futuro de cara a establecer programas de prevención secundaria de demencia en personas mayores, aumentar su calidad de vida y a reducir los gastos que ocasionan estos pacientes en el sistema sanitario


Aims: The increase of elderly people during the last years, and consequently of the people with severe cognitive impairment, makes necessary to seek preventive and actuation solutions of the disease to control the symptoms. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to study the relation between the occurrence of delirium in the elderly and the further development of dementia. Methodology: Studies were identified through Psychinfo, PubMed and Psicodoc databases. The search combined words like cognitive impairment, delirium and dementia with other terms like risk factors among others. Data were extracted and checked, systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed appropriately. Results: Eight studies were included, with a variety of patients from hip surgery, femoral fracture, general population, stroke and ICU patients. All the studies analyzed concluded that having one or more episodes of delirium is an important risk factor for the subsequent development of dementia. Conclusions: This finding may be for an important help in the future in order to establish secondary prevention programs for dementia in the elderly, to increase quality of life of this people and to reduce the costs that those patients cause in the healthcare system


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Delírio/epidemiologia , Delírio/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Demência/complicações , Doença de Alzheimer/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Secundária , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/prevenção & controle , Disfunção Cognitiva/complicações , Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Saúde/economia
8.
Rev. esp. geriatr. gerontol. (Ed. impr.) ; 51(2): 112-118, mar.-abr. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-150485

RESUMO

Algunos estudios sugieren que hasta un tercio de los casos de Alzheimer, la demencia más común en nuestra sociedad, puede ser prevenido con la eliminación de algunos factores de riesgo. Barnes y Yaffe encontraron que un 10% de casos de Alzheimer eran atribuibles a la depresión, pero en la literatura científica no queda claro su papel etiológico en el desarrollo de demencia. El objetivo de la revisión es analizar la evidencia científica sobre la hipótesis de que la depresión aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar demencia. Se realizó una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis con literatura científica publicada hasta la fecha, con una cobertura temporal entre 1990 y 2014. Diez de los artículos encontrados cumplían con los criterios de selección -similitud en a) tamaño y características de la muestra (procedencia, edad…), b) procedimiento de recogida de datos, c) método de estudio de la relación (comparación inter- como intragrupal), d) método estadístico de análisis de los resultados- y calidad previamente establecidos. Los valores de odds ratio de los estudios analizados oscilan entre 1,72 y 3,59, y los de hazard ratio de entre 1,72 a 5,44, lo que indica que los sujetos con historia de depresión tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar demencia que aquellos que no la han tenido (AU)


Many studies suggest that in 10-25% of cases of Alzheimer's, the most common dementia in our society, can be prevented with the elimination of some risk factors. Barnes and Yaffe found that one-third of Alzheimer's cases are attributable to depression, but in the scientific literature it is not clear if it has a real causal effect on the development of dementia. The purpose of this study is to analyse the scientific evidence on the hypothesis that depression increases the risk of developing dementia. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed on the scientific literature published up until the present day, searching articles that were published between 1990 and 2014. Ten of the studies found met the selection criteria -similar to a) size and characteristics of the sample (origin, age…), b) process of gathering data c) method of studying the relationship (within and/or between group comparison), and d) statistical analysis of the results- and the previously established quality. The value of odds ratio varied from 1.72 to 3.59, and the hazard ratio from 1,72 to 5.44. This indicates that the subjects with a history of depression have a higher risk of developing dementia than others who did not suffer depression (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Demência/complicações , Demência/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Afeto/fisiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Razão de Chances , Neurotransmissores/fisiologia , Proteínas de Transporte de Neurotransmissores/fisiologia
9.
Gerokomos (Madr., Ed. impr.) ; 27(1): 19-24, mar. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-154721

RESUMO

Objetivos: Determinar el efecto burnout en la calidad de vida del cuidador de personas con demencia. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de artículos científicos que aportan información sobre la calidad de vida y el burnout de los cuidadores de personas con demencia. Las fuentes de datos usadas en el presente trabajo son PsycInfo, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, PubMed y Google Schoolar. Se han seleccionado 10 artículos siguiendo los criterios de selección y calidad marcados en la tabla 1, y sus características principales se muestran en la tabla 2. Resultados: Se han agrupado en función de los estadísticos usados en cada estudio; las variables analizadas son aquellas que recogen la relación entre la carga del cuidador y la calidad de vida del cuidador de personas con demencia. Existe una correlación negativa y estadísticamente significativa entre el burnout y la calidad de vida. La calidad de vida depende de los niveles de carga, que a su vez está relacionada con el tiempo que tienen los cuidadores para ellos mismos, el soporte social, los problemas de comportamiento del enfermo con demencia, la autoestima del cuidador y las finanzas. La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud está inversamente relacionada con los niveles de dependencia de la persona con demencia y con la edad del cuidador. Conclusiones: Una mayor percepción de carga conlleva una peor calidad de vida. Así pues, para mejorar la calidad de vida de los cuidadores de una persona con demencia debemos incidir en las variables que influyen la carga del cuidador


Objectives: To determine the burnout effect on the quality of life of caregivers of people with dementia. Methodology: Systematic review of scientific articles that provide information on the quality of life and burnout of caregivers of people with dementia. The data sources used in this work are PsycInfo, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, PubMed and Google Schoolar. Ten articles have been chosen with the selection and quality marked in table 1 and its main characteristics are found in table 2. Results: have been grouped according to the statistics used in each study, the variables analyzed are those that reflect the relationship between caregiver burden and quality of life of caregivers of people with dementia. There is a negative and statistically significant correlation between burnout and quality of life. The quality of life depends on the burnout levels which in turn are related to the time they have caregivers for themselves, social support, behavioral problems of patients with dementia, self-esteem and finance. The health-related quality of life of the caregiver is inversely correlated with the level of dependence of subject and age of the caregiver. Conclusions: A higher perception of burden involves a lower quality of life. So to improve the quality of life for caregivers of a person with dementia should influence the variables that affect caregiver burden


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cuidadores/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Esgotamento Profissional/epidemiologia , Demência/psicologia , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida , Carga de Trabalho , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia
10.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol ; 51(2): 112-8, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26651420

RESUMO

Many studies suggest that in 10-25% of cases of Alzheimer's, the most common dementia in our society, can be prevented with the elimination of some risk factors. Barnes and Yaffe found that one-third of Alzheimer's cases are attributable to depression, but in the scientific literature it is not clear if it has a real causal effect on the development of dementia. The purpose of this study is to analyse the scientific evidence on the hypothesis that depression increases the risk of developing dementia. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were performed on the scientific literature published up until the present day, searching articles that were published between 1990 and 2014. Ten of the studies found met the selection criteria -similar to a) size and characteristics of the sample (origin, age…), b) process of gathering data c) method of studying the relationship (within and/or between group comparison), and d) statistical analysis of the results- and the previously established quality. The value of odds ratio varied from 1.72 to 3.59, and the hazard ratio from 1,72 to 5.44. This indicates that the subjects with a history of depression have a higher risk of developing dementia than others who did not suffer depression.


Assuntos
Demência , Depressão , Idoso , Transtorno Depressivo , Humanos , Fatores de Risco
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